WFA

Water Footprint Assessment

What is a WFA?

Water Footprint Assessment is a four-phase process that quantifies and maps green, blue and grey water footprints, assesses the sustainability, efficiency and equitability of water use and identifies which strategic actions should be prioritised in order to make a footprint sustainable. Water Footprint Assessment is used to assess whether water use is environmentally sustainable, resource efficient and equitably allocated. In the sustainability assessment step, we are assessing whether water use is balancing the needs of people and nature, if our limited water resources are being used to the greatest benefit and how fairly we are sharing the waters we use.

As a pioneer in developing the concept of water footprint since its inception in 2002, I’ve an extensive list of research articles, and reports published in this field which can be assessed from my publication page.

I’ve co-authored the widely followed book ” The Water Footprint Assessment Manual” [A.Y. Hoekstra, A.K. Chapagain, M.M. Aldaya, M.M. Mekonnen, Earthscan, London, 2011].

The book sets the global standard for the calculation of water footprints of products, companies, consumers and nations. It also describes how to assess the sustainability of a water footprint and includes an extensive library of measures that can contribute to water footprint reduction.


Access publication page.

Environmental sustainability

To be environmentally sustainable, water use must not exceed the maximum sustainable limits of a freshwater resource.

Resource efficiency

The water footprint is an ideal measure of resource efficiency because it can be measured per unit of production, for example the cubic metres required to produce a ton of wheat. As the water footprint goes down, this indicates a more efficient use of water in producing the wheat or any other product. If the water footprint exceeds a benchmark of resource efficiency for that activity, this indicates that there is the opportunity for water footprint reduction through a change in practices or technology.

Equitable allocation

The allocation of the water footprint within a river basin is a fair allocation between different water users and different sectors in a way that benefits greater societal goals. It can also mean that no individual, community or country has a larger water footprint associated with the products and services they consume than others.

Response Formulation

Response strategies can range from investing in better metering to enable improved water management, to changes in practices or investments in technology that will reduce the water footprint at any step along the value chain. It may also be important to take action collectively with others to improve the long-term sustainability of water use at the catchment or river basin level. Water stewardship and integrated river basin management engage a range of stakeholders in finding solutions which reduce wasteful water use and implement good water governance.

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